TA-G acknowledges a Severo Ochoa FPI predoctoral grant (PRE2020-096185) of the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) of Barcelona and a contract through the additional resources of a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2022-036268-I) awarded to BF. TA-G and BF acknowledge the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2024-001494-S) funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033. BF acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2022-036268-I) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE+ and from the MedCalRes project Grant PID2021-125323OAI00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ‘ERDF A way of making Europe’. PB-C acknowledges a Humboldt Postdoctoral Fellowship. This study was funded by the projects CHALLENGE (PID2019-107979RB-100 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and CHALLENGE-2 (PID2022-141628NB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF, EU) led by CA. BF is part of the Marine Conservation research group funded by Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 01073) and the Scientific Network PolarCSIC. CA is part of the Marine Biodiversity and Evolution research group funded by Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 01271)