normativas

One of the main difficulties in promoting the reuse of public sector information refers to the diversity of licenses. Given the absence of a general obligation, each public entity can decide the legal conditions to access for subsequent reuse taking into account the legal preference for open licenses, establishing the minimum possible restrictions.

In any case, there are no clear guidelines on how to use licenses, so that each entity could establish the conditions without having to resort to said instrument. Nor is there an unequivocal legal criterion that allows public entities to choose a certain type of license over another; which ultimately implies that the decision is normally based on criteria of opportunity or, where appropriate, based on the prior conditioning of the document management carried out internally by the entity (support in which it is carried out, formats used, respect for the interoperability rules ...).

Based on these premises, it is of great importance to establish specific criteria for the adoption of such decisions, in particular through the approval of a legal norm in the strict sense. This is the case, for example, in the field of the General State Administration, where some general rules for the provision of data have been established by regulation and, likewise, the preference for openness without conditions has been established unless there is an adequate motivation to justify the option for a reuse regime subject to them. Although already non-normative, one can also opt for the establishment of mere guidelines that, although lacking in strict force, can certainly be useful for making general preferences known in each administrative area.

This problem is reproduced and even multiplied if we project it in Europe. Indeed, although the new Directive 1024/2019 has established specific rules on the use of licenses, the truth is that it leaves a wide discretion to the Member States when they approve their own rules since, in addition to simply urging them to encourage use of type licenses, only establishes a mere obligation to ensure (Article 9.2)

because the type licenses for the reuse of public sector documents, which may be adapted to respond to specific applications of the license, are available in digital format and can be processed electronically.

Consequently, Member States are free to only establish conditions without using licenses; configure their own license adapting to specific measures; or, where appropriate, contemplate the use of type licenses. However, in the absence of the aforementioned guidelines and standards, in principle there will be no objective and predetermined criteria for setting the conditions for access and reuse of information, which would affect not only the public entities themselves but, in particular, those who aim to promote a specific project based on reuse, already for commercial purposes and with a political-social objective. Even more when finding that there can be multiple alternatives depending on the way in which the various criteria that can be taken into account are combined. Specifically, beyond the necessary attribution of authorship - recognition - it would be necessary to assess, among other circumstances, whether or not commercialization is allowed; if in the latter case the power of dissemination is conferred under the same legal conditions in which the data is provided; or, without exhaustive spirit, if modifications, adaptations or even translations are admitted as a result of data processing.

To cope with this difficulty, multiple studies and explanations have been prepared that, both from an academic perspective and, also, from a decided practical approach, are intended to help understand the scope of each type of license, which is especially interesting when the analysis attempts to systematize the existing practice in each of the States of the European Union. However, normally such instruments suffer from an excessively rigid approach, which hinders their use and limits their usefulness, hence the importance of promoting dynamic initiatives that effectively facilitate the understanding of the scope of each of the various types of licenses.

This is precisely the added value of the licensing assistant that has launched the European Data Portal. It is a tool that allows you to carry out advanced adjustments that combine, on the one hand, the choice of specifications and conditions of use and, on the other hand, it offers systematized information in very intuitive formats, such as color assignment or provision of clear and easy to understand information through summary sheets.

Specifically, the assistant allows you to make multiple advanced assignment settings by combining three criteria:

• The obligations that the license entails, an element that in turn articulates from several sub-criteria (lesser copyleft, attribution, sharealike, notice, copyleft and status changes).
• The permission granted, a criterion that is also systematized according to five more precise options (derivative works, distribution, reproduction, sublicensing and use patent claims).
• The prohibition or authorization of commercial uses of the data.

All these criteria can be activated in the configuration chosen when using the assistant, so you can search for those licenses that incorporate only one of them or several. It is also possible to activate in each search elements belonging to each of the main criteria, two of them or, also, to those included in three of them, according to the degree of precision indicated in each assumption. In any case, if several search criteria were legally incompatible with each other, no result would be obtained, which allows an intuitive and efficient exploration of all the possibilities of existing licenses for a specific case from searches that, otherwise, would certainly be complex.

In addition, the assistant allows to link each type of license with a summary sheet where the limitations and possibilities of each type of license are presented in a simple and easily to understand way. Even, in addition to indicating the possibilities, obligations and prohibitions assigning intuitive colours to each alternative, sometimes a succinct explanation is included to facilitate the understanding of each of the alternatives. Finally, each of the cards allows linking to the rest of comparable licenses, so that it is possible to perform that analysis in a simple way.

Even if some advanced functions could be added, such as linking licenses with specific initiatives and projects that are using this type to facilitate their understanding or even incorporate a greater depth of analysis highlighting the main advantages and disadvantages of each type license, the truth is that it is an instrument of unquestionable added value when exploring potential configurations of the conditions of use through licenses by public authorities; who, in addition, can go to the assistant to project multiple simulations when deciding the specific type of license to choose in each case based on diverse criteria.

With regard to reusers, the tool facilitates the effective understanding of each type of license, helping to determine what are the obligations assumed and the limitations to information treatments.

In short, the assistant is undoubtedly a remarkable effort in facilitating the interoperability of licenses in legal terms that, without a doubt, can serve as a basis for more complete future initiatives such as the one being promoted within the framework of the platform Joinup, where a suggestive initial working document has already been generated.

Content prepared by Julián Valero, professor at the University of Murcia and Coordinator of the Research Group "Innovation, Law and Technology" (iDerTec).

Contents and points of view expressed in this publication are the exclusive responsibility of its author.

Why are open data important? What is their relationship with open government? How can I start an initiative of this kind? Who can I take as a reference? These are some of the questions that the Open Data Guide: Publication and reuse of Open Data as an initiative of Open Government in the Administration tries to answer

Prepared by the Ministry of Development and Environment of the Junta de Castilla y León, this guide is part of the Rural Digital Community (CRD), a collaboration project between Public Administrations of Portugal and Spain. The objective of the project is to improve the technological innovation of rural institutions, promoting cooperation and competitiveness.

The guide is divided into 5 sections: introduction to open data, current status of open government and open data, open data implementation , innovative solutions and success stories, and conclusions.

In the first introductory section, perfect for those unfamiliar with the open data world, some basic concepts are reviewed. The report focuses on open government as a sociopolitical mode of interaction based on 4 pillars - transparency, accountability, participation and collaboration - which can be promoted and improved thanks to open data. All this is explained in this section, which also describes the principles that data must meet to be considered open.

Next, the report address the current situation of open government and open data in Spain, Portugal and Europe, including existing regulations. In the case of Spain, the report highlights the existence of almost 300 initiatives, included in the initiatives map of datos.gob.es, as well as more than 660 companies that reuse information, with a business volume higher than 1,700 million euros per year. These data, together with the good position of Spain in the European Open Data Maturity Landscaping 2018 report, show the good momentum of open data in our country.

The third section of the report focuses on the implementation of open data in an organization. To facilitate this process, the authors of the guide have drawn up a plan with a series of stages that are detailed in the report:

Finally, the report shows several examples of innovative solutions and success stories, based on 2 criteria:

• Examples of open data portals, which stand out for their functionality, such as Aragon Open Data or the download center of the National Geographic Institute (IGN), among others.
• Examples of good practices regarding reuse, due to their innovative nature and the economic or social value they generate. Examples of different sectors are included, such as real estate (TerceroB), meteorological (Meteogrid), public procurement (EuroAlert) or data journalism and public transparency (Civio).

The report concludes with a series of conclusions, such as the need to improve the training of both public employees who are immersed in data opening and companies and individuals to promote the use and analysis of data.

Below you can download the full report and delve into all of these sections.

Axesor is a service company specialising in credit risk management, business knowledge, financial and marketing systems.

•     A company of the Experian group, an international global information services company, with 17,800 people operating in 45 countries.
•     Axesor has an offer adapted to all kinds of clients, with an important penetration in multinationals.

Its main objectives include:

•     Maximising savings for companies by reducing their bad debts and average collection periods, optimising their resources and management times, thanks to advanced management of commercial credit risk.
•     Improve companies' Marketing and Expansion Plans, through an exhaustive analysis of their environment and competition, as well as a better knowledge of clients.
•     Optimising the resources of companies, taking on their procedures with the Public Administrations.

One of the main challenges of the research activity is related to the dissemination of the results obtained. For a few years now, special emphasis has been placed on promoting universal access to knowledge "by positioning in favor of policies of open access to scientific information", using the expression included in Law 14/2011, of June 1, of Science, Technology and Innovation. In this regard, the legislator incorporated into its articles a novelty of undoubtedly great relevance related to the open access to contents that were to be disseminated in research publications, particularly when the activity had been financed from the state public budgets.

However, there is no similar issue at the normative level related to data generated on the framework of said research activities. Consequently, the option for open data -in the sense that they are registered in non-proprietary formats that can be read by machines- is just a possibility, without the general regulations on reuse being clearly applicable. In this regard, there are several legal obstacles that may hinder the opening of data:

• The reluctance and difficulties derived from intellectual property rights
• The commitment of confidentiality that may exist in some cases
• The possible loss of competitive advantages before the eventual commercial / industrial exploitation of the results, or, without exhaustive intention,
• The protection of personal data.

Beyond the strictly normative dimension, the Spanish strategy of science and technology and innovation 2013-2020 initially made a timid commitment to contemplate "open access to data and microdata" as one of the six mechanisms of articulation for its development and execution. Subsequently, the State Plan for scientific and technical research and innovation 2017-2020 went a step further and considers the possibility that the funded R & D & I projects include, on a voluntary basis, a research data management plan that will be deposited in institutional repositories; generically alluded to, in any case, "all situations in which they have to be protected for reasons of confidentiality, security, protection, etc. will be respected. Also when they are necessary for the commercial exploitation of the obtained results ".

For its part, the European Union has progressively promoted the opening of data in the projects financed under the H2020. In this regard, the obligation to present a management plan has been extended in 2017. In addition, in the 2018-2020 Work Program, the reasons for exempting participants from the general obligation to open data have been specified. In this sense, more precise and practical information has been included in the official instructions given to the applicants and beneficiaries of the projects, thus facilitating compliance with this obligation and, above all, respect for the different legal rights that could be in conflict.

Even if such measures are limited to formalized projects and financed by a specific program, it is undoubtedly a model whose possible projection in Spain should be addressed with some urgency. In short, it is about evaluating our baggage and, above all, identifying the pending challenges, updating in this way previous contributions, undoubtedly already overflowed by the novel approaches that are being promoted by the European Union. Certainly suggestive initiatives have already been launched from the point of view of academic reflection, but it seems that action-time has come and, in particular, the moment to incorporate an authentic obligation in future calls for the financing of projects of investigation. And, why not, to consider even a normative reform, although in this case it would be convenient to wait for the European Union to take this step, in order to avoid undesirable state fragmentation in the regulatory framework.

Content prepared by Julián Valero, professor at the University of Murcia and Coordinator of the Research Group "Innovation, Law and Technology" (iDerTec).

Contents and points of view expressed in this publication are the exclusive responsibility of its author.

For the tenth consecutive year, Asedie organizes a new edition of the "International Conference on the Reuse of Public Sector Information". The appointment will take place on October 23 at the headquarters of the Spanish Agency for Data Protection in Madrid.

As the previous years, the main objective is to serve as a platform to share knowledge and experiences, coming together all those involved in the Information and Data Community, as well as to promote public-private collaboration for public interest.

Under the motto, "Information, an essential resource for economic development", experts will address the importance of Infomediary sector and the evolution of information access and reuse.

Agenda

The event will begin at 9:45, with a few words from the Asedie President, D. Dionisio Torre. Then, Mr. Carlos Romero, Counsellor of Industry, Telecommunications and Audiovisual, Mr. Jesús Rubí, Deputy to the Director of the Spanish Data Protection Agency, and Barbara Ulbaldi, Head of OECD Digital Government and Open Data Policies Team, will share their  vision on the challenges and opportunities of the infomediary sector, paying special attention to sector regulations.

After the coffee break, a round table entitled "The implementation of Reuse and its evolution in the last 10 years" will take place. Mrs. Cristina Morales, General Deputy Director of Information Society Content from the Ministry of Economy and Business, Jorge Salazar, Coordinator of the Commercial Registry from the Registrar College, Mr. Pedro Vivas, Head of the IDE / SIG Support Area of the Ministry of Development, and Mr. Enrique Crespo, Chief of the Information Access Service of the city of Madrid.

The event will conclude with the presentation of the Asedie Award. Since 5 years, Asedie present this award with the aim of highlighting the work of those people, companies or institutions that have done the best work or the greatest contribution to innovation and development of the Infomediary Sector.

Inscription

Admission is free, but places are limited. Therefore, those interested in attending the conference must register before October 18 through this online form.

The DCAT-AP application profile aims to describe, using metadata, the catalogs and datasets of European open data portals. For this, DCAT-AP is based on Data Catalogs Vocabulary (DCAT), published by W3C. In particular, the DCAT-AP is a specification that describes a series of restrictions (such as properties range) on the DCAT model.

In a context of continue economic, technological and social changes, this application profile is constantly evolving and improving to meet users demands. The organism in charge of managing the maintenance and evolution of DCAT-AP is JoinUp, a collaborative platform created by the European Commission and financed by the European Union through the ISA and ISA² Programs. Through this tool, different versions of DCAT-AP and guidelines for their standard implementations have been published.

To help those organizations that have doubts about how to apply this profile, here there are the main DCAT-AP documents and resources available in JoinUp:

In addition to these resources, there are force task that have developed reports applied to specific fields, such as research field. For their part, W3C itself has also published reports and tools to help users, such as this guide called dataset Exchange Use Cases and requirements, in this case focused on DCAT.

To be informed about all changes that take place and the documents that are published, users can subscribe to the GitHub project created to share experiences, challenges and suggestions of new features.

Datos.gob.es is also part of Joinup''s collaborators network, so we actively participate in the dissemination of the contents and resources created to facilitate the implementation of DCAT-AP. If you want to know more about DCAT-AP application profile, we recommend the report: DCAT-AP and its extensions: Context and evolution.

Spain is one of the most prominent countries in the opening of public sector data, according to the Open Data Maturity in Europe 2017 report - remember that our country ranks second in the ranking that measures the maturity and availability of open data in Europe, just behind Ireland. Although this is very positive, fruit of hard work, we must not forget that there is still a lot of public information that can be made available to citizens and reusers. But many organizations do not know how to do it.

For this reason, the  Federation of Municipalities and Provinces of Spain (FEMP) has published "Open data: strategic guide for its implementation and minimum data sets to be published". This guide seeks to be "the work plan regarding data opening and its reuse for all local administrations". That is, it provides a series of recommendations and guidelines for entities to publish their data in a useful and efficient way, facilitating access to information and its reuse.

Specifically, the report includes information on the following fundamental aspects when addressing an open data initiative:

• The legal framework, both European and Spanish, and the different local ordinances.
• The model map of an open data portal. The report details the basic components that a portal must have - such as the catalog, a simple search engine or the conditions of use - and those that are recommended - such as the SPARQL Service or the visualization tools-.
• The model of governance and roles, based on the Open Government principle. The text defines the functions of the different parties involved in the initiative and gives advice to fight resistance to change.
• The data opening model, from the identification of the datasets to be opened, to the portal publication, its dissemination and maintenance.
• The technological plan, that analyzes the different tools, platforms, formats and standards to be used, based on factors such as interoperability and security.
• The measurement systems that allow to determine if the offered data respond to the needs of the users.
• The training and dissemination plan¸ to identify the main characteristics of the professionals who should manage the portal and the profiles of users who will use it.
• A series of basic concepts that we do not always know how to differentiate.

This guide has been prepared by the Open Data Group of the Network of Local Entities for Transparency and Citizen Participation of the Federation, made up of local entities, universities, the ASEDIE association, freelancers, entrepreneurs, companies and institutions such as Red.es. The work of this group did not end with the publication of this guide, but continues to promote open data, with activities such as the identification of new data sets that allow homogenizing the publication of open data and facilitate its management. These datasets are shown in the following figure.

The recent entry into force of Law 9/2017, of November 8, on Public Sector Contracts last March, has introduced a novelty of great relevance in the Spanish legal system regarding to the reuse of Public sector information. In effect, the aforementioned legal regulation has consolidated the role of the contractor's profile on the Internet as an essential instrument to facilitate access to information regarding the contractual activity of public authorities. Apart from other provisions aimed at reinforcing the content of publications and the accessibility of the information collected there, article 63 of the aforementioned Law requires that all information included in the contractor profile be published "in open and reusable formats". In addition, this content must necessarily be spread through the Public Sector Contracting Platform in the terms of article 347 - the management of this electronic instrument correspond to the General State Administration-.

This is a new advance in the process of transformation of the contractual management carried out by public authorities to be aligned with Open Government parameters. This approach has already started with Law 19/2013, of December 9, on transparency, access to public information and good governance, whose Article 8 requires the dissemination of "all contracts, indicating the purpose, duration, amount of the bidding and the awarding, the procedure used for its conclusion, the instruments to publicize it - if it takes place-, the number of bidders participating in the procedure and the identity of the successful bidder, as well as the amendments to the contract ", in addition to “the decisions of withdrawal and waiver of contracts”. However, this publication refers to a later phase of the contractual process, in such a way that, ultimately, its objective is the accountability related to their decisions and the circumstances in which it takes place.

As is well known, the reform in the area of ​​eGovernment in 2015, was an important step forward, since the use of electronic means in management can ultimately be a boost for increasing the efficiency of public information availability in accordance with the standards that facilitate its reuse.

In this regard, from October 2nd, 2016, all administrative acts must be recorded electronically, unless, by its nature, another more appropriate form could be required, which will undoubtedly be exceptional. This requirement is established not only for functions, but also for any document issued by the Public Administrations, which must also incorporate the minimum required metadata. In this sense, the necessary respect for the National Interoperability Framework already allowed us to affirm that, based on a systematic interpretation of all the aforementioned standards, the document management of Public Administrations should not only be carried out electronically, but also, in accordance with standards that allow the reuse of information.

What, then, is the scope of the new regulation on public procurement in this matter? On the one hand, it has been firmly established -and without, therefore, any interpretation required- that the dissemination of the information to be published in the contractor's profile must necessarily be in open and reusable formats. Consequently, this represents an advance with respect to 2 previous laws:

• The legislation on transparency, which only considers it as a mere preference.
• The legislation on the reuse of public sector information, which simply requires public authorities to ensure access to documents so that they can be reused.

On the other hand, the object of publication in the new contract legislation does not refer only to finalized procedures, as is the case of transparency regulation, but also to those that are being processed at that time or will be initiated in the future. It is, therefore, a measure that aims:

• Promote effective competition in the selection process of companies that aspire to be selected, so the obligation of dissemination in accordance with these requirements becomes an inexcusable obligation.
• Facilitate the audit and, in general, the control of the contracts carried out by the public sector, which undoubtedly is decisively promoted in the contractual field with initiatives and projects based on open and reusable data.

In short, after the presentation of the main novelties of the new legislation on public procurement, a question remains to be answered, what would undoubtedly be the main issue to be raised from the point of view of its practical application: What would happen if a call for bids was published in the contractor's profile without complying with the legal requirements regarding open and reusable data?

Certainly, it could not be said that the legal requirement specifically contemplated in the legislation on public procurement has been ignored (Article 39.1.c of the Law on Public Sector Contracts), since there has been publicized. However, we could find a violation of the general regulation on common administrative procedure (Article 48.2 of Law 39/2015), because the announcement of bidding would lack the essential formal requirements to achieve its purpose; even if there are undeniable publicizing through the legally required instrument, that is, the profile of the contracting party.

In any case, we will have to wait to know the courts’ interpretation of contractual remedies on the scope of the new legal regulation.

Content prepared by Julián Valero, professor at the University of Murcia and Coordinator of the Research Group "Innovation, Law and Technology" (iDerTec).

Contents and points of view expressed in this publication are the exclusive responsibility of its author.

The European Union was created to facilitate commercial transactions between its member states, eliminating barriers and ensuring the free movement of goods, people and services. With the rise of data and the digital economy, the institution had to expand its scope beyond physical assets, and include among its functions the creation of a Digital Single Market that promotes the exchange of information in a secure way.

The public organisms do not stop generating data, which are a valuable raw material to favour economic growth. The power of public open data is evident according to European Union studies: more than 50% surveyed companies use open data to create new products and services; and a third of start-ups supported by ODINE would not exist without open data.

In order to facilitate the reuse of information from the public sector, Directive 2003/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (PSI Directive) was created. It introduced provisions on non-discrimination, cost, exclusive agreements, transparency and licenses, among other aspects. In 2013 this directive was amended by Directive 2013/37/EU. The 2013 Directive incorporated the need to carry out a review of the initiative on accessibility and reuse of public information before July 18th, 2018, with the aim of increasing the amount of public sector data available for reuse, ensuring fair competition and easy access to markets based on public sector information, and enhancing cross-border innovation.

To carry out this review, a thorough analysis of other current directives (INSPIRE or Database Directive) has been carried out in order to be aligned. Likewise, a public hearing and an analysis of the impact on the economy of the changes introduced in 2013 has been carried out. During the hearing process, all interested parties, including public authorities and reusers (public, private, commercial and non-commercial) were invited to contribute

The conclusions have confirmed that the Directive has helped to stimulate the European economy, achieving its objectives. In addition, it has had a favourable impact on transparency, citizen empowerment, and public sector efficiency. However, they also indicate that there are still challenges to overcome in order to fully exploit the potential of public sector information for the European economy and society. Some of these challenges are related to the following aspects:

• Limited real-time access to data. More dynamic data should be provided in real time and more technical solutions developed to facilitate data usability.
• Charges about cost. Charge for reusing public sector data should not cost more than “the marginal costs for reproducing, making available and dissemination the open data”. However, a widespread practice of demanding much higher amounts has been found. This create market entry barriers for SMEs and startups.
• The lack of availability of high interest data, because they are in the hands of private operators. For example, data generated by companies providing public services (utilities, transport, etc.) or research data from public funding.
• The need to avoid exclusivity agreements. Public-private agreements can lead to situations in which public sector information is blocked.
• The relationship between the PSI Directive and certain related legal instruments.

Given these challenges, the Commission is in the revision process of the PSI Directive, regarding the following aspects:

• Stimulate the publishing of dynamic data and the uptake of APIs.
• Limit the exceptions allowing public bodies to charge for the reuse of their data more than the marginal costs of dissemination.
• Enlarge the scope of the Directive, including data held by public undertakings – in this case, charges for the reuse of such data can be above marginal costs for dissemination- and research data resulting from public funding.
• Strengthen the transparency requirements for public–private agreements involving public sector information, avoiding exclusive arrangements.

Until July 3th, the deadline is open for those who wish to provide their opinion on the different aspects included in the review.

In summary, the revision of the PSI Directive aim to continue promoting an open data ecosystem that allows a further step towards the creation of a Digital Single Market. With the new PSI Directive as a driver for the cross-border reuse of open data, it will be easier to start new data-based businesses, as well as to improve existing ones, with the consequent value for society, as shown in the following figure.

One of the main challenges that arise when addressing an Open Data initiative is to define the information architecture and facilitate interoperability between data catalogs published by different portals on the Web. In order to solve this challenge, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published the Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT), an RDF vocabulary to describe data catalogs based on 3 key concepts: catalog, dataset and distribution.

Based on this vocabulary, and within the JoinUP project, a collaborative platform created by the European Commission, an international group of experts developed the DCAT Application profile for data portals in Europe (DCAT-AP): a specification that describes restrictions (such as properties range) on the DCAT model. The objective is to facilitate homogenization and cross-searching, using metadata, between different European data portals generated by public sector and placed at citizens disposal for reuse.

The report DCAT-AP and its extensions: context and evolution, developed within the Aporta Initiative framework, arose to ​​ contextualize and delve into DCAT-AP, and DCAT vocabulary. The report includes a description of both publications, as well as a definition of the agencies and institutions involved in its definition.

DCAT-AP extensions and modifications

Based on DCAT-AP, sector extensions have been developed, some of the most relevant in specific areas of application are described in this report: DCAT-AP HVD, DCAT-AP extension for the description of high-value data, GeoDCAT-AP, focused on the exchange of descriptions of geospatial datasets and services, StatDCAT-AP, an extension of DCAT-AP for the exchange of descriptions of statistical datasets and services, MLDCAT-AP extending DCAT-AP in the field of machine learning, and BRegDCAT-AP for the description of fundamental aspects of public administrative records.

Since its appearance and throughout these years, practically all the Member States of the European Union have extended the DCAT-AP application profile to meet their needs. Special emphasis is placed on Spain, where there is the peculiarity that the "extension" - the Norma Técnica de Interoperabilidad de Reutilización de recursos de información (NTI-RISP) - preceded the DCAT-AP specification itself, which at the time of writing has evolved into the DCAT-AP-ES reference extension.. (NTI-RISP) establishes the common framework for opening and using documents and information resources produced or held by public administrations. This technical standard aims to ensure the persistence of information and the use of formats, and to promote appropriate terms and conditions of use. The NTI-RISP standard predates the first versions of DCAT and DCAT-AP, which has resulted in some differences.

Finally, some DCAT-AP extensions implemented by the different Member States are listed for reference.