Spain continues to make progress in open data. This is corroborated by the latest edition of the Open, Useful and Re-usable data Index, also known as OURdata Index. This report is prepared periodically by the OECD to evaluate the efforts made by different governments in designing and implementing national open data policies. 

First launched in 2015, the Index had two subsequent editions published in 2017 and 2019. In this fourth edition, there has been a change in methodology, which does not make it possible to compare the results with those of previous editions.  

To conduct the analysis, data was collected regarding the policies carried out by 40 countries in the 2020-2021 period. This is a period marked by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused an exceptional situation worldwide and highlighted the need for governments to ensure access to high quality data, to build resilience and facilitate joint societal responses to a crisis.  

The final report will be published during the second quarter of 2024. However, the OECD has released a summary of some of the main conclusions of the study.   

Spain is among the world leaders  

According to the study, Spain ranks fifth in terms of open data, behind only South Korea, France, Poland and Estonia, as shown in the following graph. 

The report assesses three pillars and nine sub-pillars, all of which have the same value in the final score:  

• Data availability: this indicator measures the extent to which governments have adopted and implemented formal requirements for open data publication. It also assesses whether the different actors involved in the data publication process (stakeholders) are carrying out some work to identify the demand for data in general and the availability of high-value datasets in particular. In this regard, it should be noted that, although the report speaks of high value datasets, this is not the same concept of high value data as that used by the EU. In the case of the OECD, other high-impact categories such as health, education, crime and justice or public finances, among others, are also taken into account. Details of the categories taken into account are given in the annex to the report. 

• Data accessibility: This indicator assesses whether high-value government datasets are provided in open and reusable formats, updated, with good metadata quality and through application programming interfaces (APIs). It also discusses the involvement of different stakeholders in the central open data portal and in improving data quality. 

• Government support for data reuse: this indicator looks at the extent to which governments play a proactive role in promoting the reuse of open public data, both within and outside the administration. 

Considering these indicators, Spain is in the group of "leading countries". These countries demonstrate a comprehensive approach to open data initiatives and, in general, perform well in all aspects. In the specific case of Spain, it stands out when it comes to promoting the reuse of data, where it is in second place. It has been taken into account how the governmental sphere makes companies and civil society aware of the opportunities offered by open public data, participating in associations and co-creation events to stimulate the reuse of data. It also highlights the availability of awareness-raising and training initiatives for public officials on open data publication, analysis and reuse, as well as efforts to carry out impact assessments of open public data and the presentation of examples of reuse.  

On the other hand, it ranks eleventh in data accessibility in general, although it rises to sixth if we talk about high-value data. Finally, we rank sixth in terms of accessibility.

General conclusions  

The report includes a number of general findings from all countries. According to the study, only 48% of high-value datasets are available as open data in OECD countries. Although the COVID-19 pandemic positively influenced the publication of open health data, only 43% of datasets in this category are currently available. Collaboration between public and private healthcare actors is therefore encouraged to promote the publication of these data systematically at the national level.   

The results also indicate that countries should prioritize the publication of open data in areas such as public procurement, public budgets and lobbying, as well as boosting those related to the green agenda, highlighting those related to Earth observation, environmental and meteorological data. In addition, consideration should be given to making company registries and company ownership data available to all citizens as open data.   

On the opposite side of the scale, there is a large availability of statistical and geospatial data. 

Overall, OECD countries have improved the quality of open government data, an important issue that also affects recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI). The evolving landscape of AI applications makes it necessary to ensure data quality, paying particular attention to metadata quality and access through APIs.  

Ultimately, the report highlights the importance of open public data for democracy in the digital age, as well as in driving innovation in both the public and private sectors. 

The European Data Portal, data.europa.eu, has just published its Data Maturity Index, an index that assesses the level of maturity of European countries in terms of open data. For its elaboration, an evaluation survey has been carried out and has been completed by 35 countries, including the 27 Member States of the European Union, three countries of the European Free Trade Association (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) and five candidate countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Serbia and Serbia and Ukraine).  

In this year's edition, Spain obtained a score of 95% out of 100%. This places it in fifth place overall and in fourth place if only European Union (EU27) member countries are taken into account. This figure represents an improvement of three percentage points over last year's score and places Spain 12 points above the EU27 average (83%).  

The top positions in the ranking are occupied by France, Poland, Ukraine and Estonia. 

Above the EU27 average in all dimensions analyzed 

The index is accompanied by a report containing the analysis carried out and an overview of the good practices applied in Europe. In the case of Spain, it is above the EU-27 average in the four indicators analyzed:  

• Policy, focused on the open data policies of the different countries. It analyzes the existence of national governance models for open data management and the measures that have been applied to implement existing strategies. This is the indicator in which Spain obtains a higher score, with 99% compared to 89% in the EU27. The report highlights how the country's national open data strategy helps promote the openness of public information through innovative and structured actions in collaboration with public and private partners. Among other issues, the strategy includes the objective of identifying business models and business success stories to share successful practices. The report also highlights the existence of various digital strategies that complement specific policies on open data, such as the national artificial intelligence strategy, which includes provisions related to the availability of open data for the operation and training of artificial intelligence systems. 

• Impact, which analyzes the activities undertaken to monitor and measure both the reuse of open data and the impact created by such reuse. Traditionally, this has been the least mature dimension across Europe. Nevertheless, Spain scores 96% compared to 77% in the EU27. The best results are achieved in measuring the impact of open data use cases in the environmental, economic and political sectors.  

• Portal, focused on evaluating the functionalities of the national platform that allow users to access open data and help drive interaction within the community. With 96% compared to 85% in the EU27, Spain stands out in the use of analytical tools to understand user behavior, and in the implementation of strategies to ensure the sustainability of the portal and increase its visibility, including presence in social networks. It also highlights the existence of a private area that allows editors to act according to the feedback received. 

• Quality, which examines the mechanisms for ensuring the quality of (meta)data. Here Spain scores 88% compared to 82% in the EU27. Spain's score is driven by compliance with the DCAT-AP standard (providing educational materials for publishers), the existence of a systematic approach to ensure that metadata is up to date, and the wide range of data offered, both historical and current. 

The report also measures how EU27 countries are progressing in the implementation of the implementing regulation on high-value datasets. In this section, Spain ranks ninth, with 68% implementation. In general, Member States are making more progress on geospatial and statistical datasets. Progress is also being made on the underlying technical and legal requirements.  

Overall recommendations 

The report includes a number of recommendations for Spain, among other countries, including encouraging the development of initiatives at the local and regional level, fostering better coordination between teams, and activating the network of open data officers to implement monitoring activities within their organizations. Emphasis is also placed on the need to promote existing open data courses and promote new training materials, paying special attention to developing strategic awareness of the reuse and impact of open data.

Overall, the report shows good progress in open data across Europe. Although there are areas for improvement, the European open data landscape is consolidating, with Spain at the top of the table.  

In 2024, new waves of implementation of the European data strategy will present national teams with new challenges. On the one hand, they will have to redouble their efforts to inform citizens of the new data sources arising from initiatives such as the Data Governance Act and the data spaces. In this sense, coordination will be necessary between the new figures arising from these legislative developments and the traditional world of open data, enhancing the obvious synergies between the two to boost the data economy and collectivize the value generated. 

Like every other year, the EU Open Data Portal has just published the results of its report Open Data Maturity 2022. It is a study that assesses the maturity of European countries in the field of open data and it provides an overview of the good practices followed in Europe, which can be transferred to other national and local contexts. Both the member states of the European Union (EU-27) and other countries in the region have participated in the study.

Spain has achieved a score of 92%, thirteen points above the EU27 average. With this score, it is in the leading group. France secured first place, followed by Ukraine and Poland.

Spain is above the European average for the 4 indicators analysed

The report measures maturity in relation to four aspects of open data:

• Policy, focused on the open data strategies of the different countries.
• Impact, which analyses the activities carried out to monitor and measure the reuse of open data and their impact.
• Portal, focused on evaluating the functions and characteristics of the national platform that allows users to access open data and promote interaction within the community.
• Quality, which examines mechanisms to ensure the quality of (meta)data.

In all four categories, Spain is ahead of the EU27 average, particularly standing out in the policy section. Some of the aspects that the report highlights in Spain are the open mechanisms for communicating and interacting from datos.gob.es with the open data community, the use of dashboards to monitor the use of datasets or some specific examples of use cases such as Climate change scenario viewer or Gijón in a click.

With this score, Spain falls within the so-called trendsetter group. The countries that belong to this group stand out for their strong commitment to open data, borne out by an advanced strategy, more mature platforms and an active methodology for measuring the impact of open data.

3 key trends in Europe

This year's analysis highlights three trends at European level:

1. EU Member States are preparing for the implementation of the high-value datasets regulation. Directive 2019/1024 highlighted, amongst other issues, a specific regime for the so-called high-value data, in other words, those whose reuse is associated with considerable benefits for society, the environment and the economy. Although their implementing regulation has not yet been made public, 96% of EU Member States are already working on the identification of high-value data, especially in the categories of statistical, geospatial, Earth observation, environmental and meteorological data. In addition, 85% are already prepared to monitor and measure their level of reuse and 63% to ensure their interoperability with available data sets from other countries.  Spain is no exception and it is one of the most advanced countries in this regard.
2. Measuring the impact of open data is a priority for EU Member States, but it is a major challenge too. Countries are still interested in understanding and capturing open data reuse and value creation, but compiling data on the impact created remains challenging, especially in the economic area.
3. In a post-pandemic world, European countries face new and old common challenges. The impact of the war in Ukraine has affected all countries, both socially and economically. Open data have proven to serve as a mechanism to help refugees or improve energy management. Other common challenges highlighted in the report are the lack of resources and qualified personnel or the difficulty in coordinating between the different levels of the administration, inter alia.

Recommendations to keep moving ahead in the field of open data

The report ends with a series of recommendations by groups of countries. In the case of open data trendsetters, the group to which Spain belongs, the report recommends focusing on maintaining the current ecosystem, experimenting and sharing knowledge.

To be precise, the focus should be placed on improving and consolidating open data ecosystems through the development of thematic communities of providers and reusers. It is also recommended to collaborate with data.europa.eu, other national data teams, universities and research institutions to develop an experimental impact evaluation framework.

High-value data sets stand out as one of the areas to prioritise, based on that which was previously indicated in Directive 2019/1024. In addition to preparing for the Data Governance Regulation, evaluating the existing options to expand the portals and assuming the role of public registry for those organisations linked to the altruistic transfer of data.

You can read the full report via this link.

Since 2014, the European Commission has been monitoring Member States' digital progress through the annual DESI Digital Economy and Society Index. To do so, it analyses four digital performance indicators: human capital, connectivity, digital technology integration and digital public services.

In this year's edition, Spain is in seventh position, improving two places compared to 2021. It has gone from a score of 57.4% to 60.8%, which represents a growth of almost 6% (the EU average has grown by 3% in the same period). This puts Spain ahead of countries such as Germany, France and Italy. At the head of the EU-27 we find Finland, Denmark and the Netherlands.

It should be noted that the DESI 2022 index is based mainly on data from 2021. Overall, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Member States have made progress in their digitisation efforts, thanks in part to the opportunity provided by the resources allocated by Europe through the NextGenerationEU recovery plan. However, there are still general challenges, related to digital skills gaps, the digital transformation of SMEs and the deployment of advanced 5G networks.

Digital progress in Spain

Spain is above the EU average in all four categories analysed:

• Human capital. Spain improves two positions with respect to 2021 and ranks tenth. It stands out mainly in basic digital skills, while it is only below the EU average in the proportion of information and communication technology (ICT) specialists and graduates. The report highlights that several of the measures outlined in the National Recovery and Resilience Plan aim to boost the acquisition of digital skills, especially for SME employees.

• Connectivity. Spain is one of the EU leaders in terms of connectivity, where it ranks third for the second year in a row. Our country performs particularly well in very high capacity fixed network coverage (94% compared to 70% of the European average), although it still has room for improvement in 5G coverage. In this regard, strategic reforms and investments are being carried out under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan in order to achieve the Digital Decade connectivity targets and reduce the digital divide between urban and rural areas.

• Digital technology integration. This is the area where most progress has been made, with an improvement of five positions. Spain is currently in eleventh place. It stands out especially in the percentage of SMEs with a basic level of digital intensity and which use social networks, online sales media and electronic information exchange systems. In the use of artificial intelligence, we are at the European average. On the other hand, technologies such as cloud and Big Data analysis are still not widespread. To improve these capabilities, professionals with digital skills are needed, something that will help to boost the SME Digitalisation Plan 2021-2025.

• Digital public services. Spain, which has traditionally been a pioneer in this field, is in fifth place, two places above 2021. One of the areas where it performs best is in open data, where it is in third place, well above the European average (95% vs. 81%). In addition, the report highlights how our country is proactively developing new services to respond to the needs of citizens in areas such as health, digital identification, cybersecurity, mobile applications and the integration of AI in the sector. Some examples of projects in which Spain is participating are Genome of Europe and European Self Sovereign identity (ESSIF).

If you would like to go deeper into the analysis of the results of Spain and the other European countries in the DESI index, you can download the reports by country on this website.  In addition, the Spanish e-Government portal provides users with various useful materials, divided by year.

Women in Digital (WiD) Scoreboard

Together with the DESI index, the EU has also published the 2022 edition of the "Women in Digital (WiD) Scoreboard", a report that assesses the digital development of women and their inclusion in areas such as employment and digital entrepreneurship.

In this ranking, Spain is in eighth position, also exceeding the European Union average (64.2% compared to 54.9%). Spanish women stand out especially in terms of Internet use skills, where they are in fourth position compared to European women.

All these data show how Spain continues to make progress in digital matters. Although there are still areas for improvement, investment from Spain's Recovery and Resilience Plan is expected to continue to drive progress, mainly in areas such as the digitisation of businesses, strengthening the digital skills of the population, improving digital connectivity and the digitisation of public administrations. All of this without neglecting support for digital-related research and development (R&D).

For the seventh consecutive year, the European Data Portal has presented its Open Data Maturity assessment. This is a report that analyses a series of indicators to measure the maturity of open data across Europe, in order to understand the progress of each country, make comparisons and find areas for improvement.

This year, Spain ranks third with a score of 95%, 14 points above the European average (81%). First place goes to France (98%), followed by Ireland (also with 95%).

Spain, above the European average in all the analyzed categories

As every year, the report measures 4 categories:

• Policy, focusing on the existence of specific policies and strategies to promote open data at the national level.
• Impact, which analyzes activities to monitor and measure the reuse of open data.
• Portal, which evaluates the existing functions in the national platform (in the case of our country, datos.gob.es) to access open data and interact with the community.
• Quality, which studies the mechanisms that guarantee the quality of (meta)data.

Spain is ahead of Europe in all categories:

In total, Spain's score has increased by one percentage point compared to 2020, when it stood at 94%. It stands out especially in the impact category, where it is in first position with 100% of the score. The report highlights how the Aporta Initiative conducts an annual national survey to ascertain the control over the use of data by the various national, regional and local public bodies. It also highlights the collaborations that the institutions carry out with universities, such as the agreement adopted by the Valencian Government with all public universities in the Community to work together in training and research activities related to transparency and open data.

Our country continues in the group of open data prescribers

As part of the analysis, the European Portal groups all participating countries into four groups based on the assessment of open data maturity during 2021. With its score, Spain continues to place itself in the leading group of open data in Europe, called trend-setters. The group with the best results is completed by France, Ireland, Poland, Estonia and Ukraine.

These countries are characterized by an advanced open data policy and a platform with a wide range of functions to meet the needs of advanced users and publishers. They are also countries where there are initiatives to ensure the publication of high-quality data and compliance with the DCAT-AP European open data cataloging profile, and where communities around data reuse are in place. Finally, it is highlighted that there are established methodologies in place to assess the impact of data in the different domains.

Europe's average score rises

In 2021, the average score relating to open data maturity of EU27 countries is 81%, an increase of three percentage points compared to 2020.

The report highlights three trends observed in all the countries analysed:

• Member States are updating their policies to transpose the Open Data Directive into their national legislation. More and more countries are carrying out the transposition process. In the case of Spain, it was included in the Royal Decree-Law 24/2021, approved last December 2 by the Congress. It is worth mentioning that the Open Data Directive still requires the adoption of a future implementing regulation by the European Commission, where the list of high-value datasets to be provided free of charge through APIs is included.
• Understanding, monitoring and measuring the impact of open data is becoming more important. The impact dimension has seen the most growth in the last year, while the quality indicator is the least mature. In recent years, impact has been measured mainly through activities such as maintaining records of data downloads or creating lists of use cases. This year there has been a clear trend towards in-depth studies, such as desk research or surveys, to quantify and verify the impact of open data.
• The COVID-19 pandemic continues to highlight the value and impact of open data.  Last year, the health situation led to highlight the importance of systematically collecting data and making it available to the public in an up-to-date manner. This year, the available data is complemented by statistics related to vaccination.

Future recommendations

The report ends with a series of recommendations for each group of countries. In the case of prescribers, a group that includes Spain, some issues are highlighted, such as continuing to develop thematic communities of providers and reusers, giving priority to the high-value data categories highlighted in the Open Data Directive. In this sense, Spain is moving forward with the creation of specific hubs for various sectors such as tourism or health.

Other examples of recommendations are to collaborate with other national and international teams to develop an experimental impact assessment framework and with academic institutions to provide advanced courses and training on open data.

You can see the full report here and the Spain report here.

Once again, the European Data Portal has just published its Open Data Maturity Report 2019, which measures the development achieved in the field of open data in Europe. And, as in previous years, Spain occupies the second position, which makes it a prescriber in terms of open data.

According to the report, the average of open data maturity of the EU28 is 66%, only one percentage point above the data obtained in 2018. In the case of Spain, the score obtained has been 90%, three points more than in 2018 and well above the European average. Only Ireland, with 91%, is ahead of Spain.

With this score, Spain is part of the so-called group of Trend setters, along with Ireland and France. The countries that belong to this group are characterized by having an advanced open data strategy and a strong commitment to open data as a strategic asset to drive digital transformation.

In 2018, this group was formed by five countries, but only three have remained in 2019. Spain, like the rest of European leaders, has had to improve its score to continue remaining in the leading group.

At a general level, the report highlights that Europe is entering a consolidation phase, where the focus has been shifted from quantity to quality of published data. Once policies and open data platforms are implemented, European countries are trying to ensure the value of the data by driving its reuse.

Spain is above the European average in the 4 indicators analyzed

To produce the report, the European Data Portal has analyzed 4 key indicators: policy, portal, impact and quality. The growth of Spain has been driven by the portal and impact dimensions, as seen below.

• The “political” dimension analyzes existing policies and strategies to promote open data at the national level, as well as the existence of governance models. Spain's score in this section is 90% -the EU is 74%-, although it has decreased compared to 2018. This is because, although there are specific policies to boost open data, there is still work to be done for its implementation

• The “portal” dimension has been the one that has experienced the greatest growth in the last year, going from 78% in 2018 to 89% in 2019. This dimension focuses on the level of maturity of national open data platforms. For this, it analyzes the functionality, the use (user analysis), the data variety and the approach used to guarantee the sustainability of the platform.

• The “impact” dimension, in which Spain has obtained the best score, assesses the existence of methodologies to monitor and measure the reuse and impact of open data. In this case, the score obtained has been 100%, with a growth of 3 points compared to 2018.

• Finally, the “quality” dimension, which explores the level of automation of European platforms, the accuracy and reliability of the available data and the level of compliance in terms of the DCAT-AP metadata standard, has remained virtually the same as last year: 77% in 2019 compared to 78% in 2018.

Recommendations for further progress on open data

As in previous editions, the report ends with a series of recommendations for all the countries analyzed. In the case of Trend setters, the group to which Spain belongs, the following conclusions are included, among others:

• Promote thematic data ecosystems around the thematic domains defined in the recent Directive on Open Data and the re-use of Public Sector Information.
• Boost data in real time.
• Continue the work on improving the quality of metadata and data by boosting the use of tools (for example, for the validation of metadata).
• Work with training institutions to provide advanced open data courses and training.
• Engage universities and research institutions to develop country-specific metrics to measure impact.

You can see the factsheet of Spain in this link and those of the rest of the countries here.

Last September, the last edition of Open Data Barometer was presented by the World Wide Web Foundation. The report measures how some governments, not including Spain, publish and use open data to facilitate accountability, boost innovation and generate social impact. It should be noted that this year's edition coincides with the tenth anniversary of 8 Open Data principles, a date considered the beginning of open data movement.

To carry out this barometer, 30 governments have been analyzed - those that have adopted the Open Data Charter or those that, as G20 members, have committed to G20 Anti-Corruption Open Data Principles -, based on a series of sub-indices that measure the level of preparation, implementation and impact of open data in the country. This year results show a generally slow progress. While some countries continue to see rapid improvement, the report shows that early leaders, such as the United Kingdom or the United States, are no longer in the top positions.

Canada, leader of open data movement

The first place on the podium went to Canada, which advances one position comparing to 2017 and overtakes the United Kingdom. The American country has continuously progressed in recent years, rising 18 positions since the first edition. This is due to the great political support of open data in the country.

The United Kingdom, on the other hand, drops one position. Although the British government has generally improved its data management practices, there is a lack of policies to boost open data and a reduction of engagement with civil society, something similar to United States, which falls to 9th position.

On the contrary, Mexico, South Korea, Colombia, Ukraine, Japan and Uruguay are the countries that most increased their scores in recent years.

Although the advances in recent years, the report shows that open data initiatives and projects carried out by government are still in an experimentation phase.

According to the report, only 19% of all datasets measured meet the requirements to be considered truly open, demonstrating that open data - in the strict sense- continue to be an exception. In addition, collaboration between government and civil society has stagnated, especially in countries such as Brazil, Italy, South Korea, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States.

Open data as a general rule

In order to continue advancing on the maturity scale, open data initiatives should stop being "isolated projects" and begin to be "the general rule". For this, it is necessary to develop specific promotion policies and invest in technical infrastructure and human ressources with the necessary skills.

Specifically, the report includes 3 key recommendations for those countries that want to lead the open data movement:

1. Put “open by default” into action: The data should be directly published in open formats. This requires a solid strategies, resources and laws, as well as a cultural change.
2. Build and consolidate open data infrastructure: Having the right management systems helps improve the quality of data and its interoperability, facilitating and standardizing the opening of public information.
3. Publish data with purpose: Knowing the users’ needs is essential to ensure that we are providing the data that they need in the right conditions. This will facilitate their use and help boost the open data ecosystem. For this, it is advisable to work in close collaboration with civil society, through civic groups, data communities, etc.

After 10 years of open data initiatives, significant progress has been made, but there are still a number of challenges to overcome. With commitment, solid policies and strategies, and common work, government can take advantage of full open data potential, generating significant improvements for all citizens.

If you want to go deeper into the conclusions and recommendations of Open Data Barometer, the report is also available in Spanish.

Last week we talked about the activities planning for the Open Gov Week, which takes place around the world from May 7 - 11. One of the objectives of this initiative is to promote and publicize data opening through training, awareness and education actions.

Open data allows citizens to be involved in democratic life, facilitating access to public information, but also use those data to create valuable services for society. But what data are the most interesting, according to citizen’s opinion?

During the first quarter of 2018, the datasets included in datos.gob.es portal exceeded 65,000 visits. The sets that received more visits were:

First of all we focus on the three most outstanding:

1. In the first place, we can find Unemployment register by municipalities. This data set shows a breakdown of unemployment registered by the different municipalities, segmented by sex, age group and economic activity.
2. General database of local entities ranks second. This dataset allows citizens to check public organizations, such as councils, municipalities, counties, foundations, commercial companies or non-profit institutions, among others. Through this database, citizens can found information about organizations skills and activities or funding.
3. In the third place, we can find Register of mayors, that is, a database with information about all the mayors and city councillor of Spanish municipalities. This registry includes information regarding their position and their political party.

It is not surprising that these 3 datasets occupy the highest positions, as they are aligned with the main concerns of Spanish citizens. According to the latest CIS study (Center for Sociological Research), corresponding to the month of March 2018, the main concern for 65.9% of citizens is unemployment, followed by corruption (34.5%) and politicians (26.0%).

Given that these datasets have a high updating frequency and they can be segmented by different variables, they are a good option to help users to elaborate their own value judgments about these issues. In addition, to make access to this information even easier, different organizations, companies or citizens have used these datasets - and others related - to create simple and intuitive applications and visualization tools, such as Unemployment map, Where do my taxes go? o Local government budgets.

In addition to these datasets, top 10 is complemented by a series of datasets that we could divide into two categories:

• Those datasets that solve everyday citizens' doubts, such as the CNMC Mobile Numbering Query Service, which allows knowing the current operator of a specific mobile number, ONCE kiosks, which indicate the location of the different spaces for ticket sale, or the Price of fuel in Spanish gas stations.
• Those datasets that respond to the needs of specific professional groups. These datasets are the most common to be reused to generate professional applications. This is the case of the Geographic Information System of Agricultural Parcels of Castilla-La Mancha (SIGPAC), used to create applications to analyze how an agricultural operation evolves. We can also include in this category CartoCiudad - very useful for transport sector - or the Official Bulletin of the Mercantile Registry (BORME), where legal acts that affect the companies are published.

All these datasets are updated periodically, thanks to the involvement of the different agencies in charge of their publication, which ensure their quality.

In summary, the top 10 datasets include very diverse topics although it could be said that the sectors of activity most interested for the reusers are economy and politics, followed by activities such as agriculture, fishing or transport. All these datasets seek to help citizens to know their environment better, so that they can make decisions and act accordingly.